“Grace is not weakness but resolve.”

The power of embracing grace in this moment.

We are living in contentious times. In such times, we often face the question: how should we respond? This has been the central question of many essays in The Healthiest Goldfish over the past year. It is a question which implies others: when should we speak out, intervene? When should we accept disruptive change as, potentially, beneficial, and when is it just disruption for its own sake? When does enforcement of policies we dislike—but which are, ultimately, legitimate expressions of the popular will—tip into injustice that demands a response? How should we ensure our responses are both prudent and effective in this moment? How do we maintain our moral integrity in a time that incentivizes expedience and cynicism? How do we address assaults on small-l liberalism without becoming illiberal ourselves?

As I have wrestled with these questions, I have found myself turning to the concept of grace. What is grace? It has many definitions, including “mercy, pardon,” “benevolence, goodwill,” and “ease and fluidity of movement or manner.” It also has a theological resonance, a perspective from which Andrew Sullivan wrote when he described grace as:

“…those precious, rare times when exactly what you were expecting gives way to something utterly different, when patterns of thought and behavior we have grown accustomed to and at times despaired of, suddenly cede to something new and marvelous. It may be the moment when a warrior unexpectedly lays down his weapon, when the sternest disciplinarian breaks into a smile, when an ideologue admits error, when a criminal seeks forgiveness, or when an addict hits bottom and finally sees a future. Grace is the proof that hope is not groundless. “

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The moment

Our role in an unsettled, tumultuous time.

It is not my role, or aspiration, with these essays, to comment in real time on all that is happening in the world around us. I try to use this space to pause, to step back and reflect on the bigger picture—the longer arc of the issues that shape the world around us and that, in turn, shape health. It is, however, difficult to ignore events when they occur so fast and with such implications for our work—our mission of thinking, writing, and acting in pursuit of a healthier world. This feels like such a moment, one that bears reflection. Globally, we are seeing a fraying of a world order that has held for the past 75 years, as old alliances are being called into question like never before in recent memory, leaving us to wonder what shape geopolitical forces will assume and what implications this realignment will have for war and for peace. Conflicts continue to rage, from the war in Ukraine to the Iranian government’s recent killing of as many as 30,000 of the country’s citizens. Nationally, we have seen a threat to foundational political structures that we have long taken for granted, as the executive branch strains against the judicial branch. Aiming to deliver on campaign promises to change immigration in this country, the administration has launched increasingly alarming and cruel immigration enforcement measures, culminating in deaths. Protests against these efforts in Minnesota have galvanized national and global attention. All this is unfolding against a backdrop of ever-more-apparent extreme weather events, such as the one we are living through across much of the US this week, even as the drivers of climate change are neglected in federal policy.

This, then, is a moment that calls for reflection. In such times, it can feel simultaneously as though so very much is happening everywhere, all at once, and also as if the world is standing still. So much is happening that it seems like the pace of events cannot long continue at this pitch—there is disequilibrium here, and it feels like something must soon give. We are holding our breath, waiting to see what that might be, what new form the world will take. We wonder how we might act to be helpful in the moment. What can we do to help ensure the new world that emerges is better, not worse? We can sense the danger, and also perhaps the potential, all around us. This reminds me of a useful aphorism by Antonio Gramsci: “The old world is dying, and the new world struggles to be born; now is the time of monsters.” So yes, it is a moment of danger—one that affects many of us in deeply personal ways. It affects those who, like me, are immigrants to this country, facing the ever-present threat of “othering” that has become normative in the public political conversation, and the very real threat of expulsion. It affects those who have lost jobs, or have family and friends who have lost jobs, in sectors radically transformed over the past year. It affects families who continue to find the country’s economic imbalances unsustainable and have a hard time making ends meet. It affects communities devastated by climate disasters, forced to rebuild their lives amid increasingly volatile conditions. The moment is not abstract. It is real, tangible, and affecting humans every day.

This brings me back to the question: how can we constructively engage with this moment? What is the role of those of us in the community of thinkers and doers focused on the health of populations? What should we do when the world seems to teeter on the brink of…something? How do we help nudge an unstable world in the right direction? I have found myself reflecting on this time and again over the past tumultuous decade, and perhaps never more so than in this past year, when that tumult seems to be approaching some sort of crescendo. In reflecting, I keep returning to three principles. I share them here—partly to sharpen my own thoughts through writing, and in the hope that they may be useful to those who read this

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Introducing the Purple Public Health Project

This piece was co-written by Dr Salma Abdalla and is also cross-posted here.

America needs public health. It needs public health to address urgent challenges—from obesity and cardiovascular diseases, to gun violence, to mental health and addiction, to persistent health inequities shaped by factors like economic status, race, and geography. It needs public health because we have already seen one global pandemic in the 21st century and will likely see more. It needs public health because climate change is real and poses significant risks for health, including for the health of the growing population of migrants forcibly displaced due to climate-driven shocks. It needs public health because the world needs public health, and America, for all the ruptures of recent years, still has the capacity to underwrite much that is good for the world.

America needs public health. Unfortunately, American public health is facing some daunting challenges.

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The art of being ourselves

Balancing pragmatic engagement with maintaining our identity and values.

We are in a moment that is marked by political upheaval, social division, and urgent challenges that demand engagement. The turbulent national and global moment has made it increasingly clear that if there ever was a post-Cold War “holiday from history”, it is certainly over. We may not yet be sure of exactly what the moment demands of us, but we sense it demands something, that passivity in the face of this new era is not an option. History moves, and we must move with it.

And the moment calls us to do, to take constructive steps towards a better future. We have a vision of where we want to go, a vision informed by our deepest values. We are moved to build a world where no one is excluded from health, where injustice and inequity no longer exist. This is a radical vision, and it is central to who we are in public health. The values that inform this vision give public health its meaning. Without our vision of better health for all, we would not be able to be who we are, do what we do.

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The time to build is always

Meeting the moment in the new year.

As we all return from hopefully a restful holiday season, I start 2026 with a nod to the seasonal. In A Christmas Carol, three spirits visit Ebeneezer Scrooge. The Ghosts of Christmas Past and Present are quite loquacious. But the third spirit—the Ghost of Christmas Future—says nothing. It shows Scrooge possibilities, a vision of his fate if he does not change his miserly ways, but it keeps its own counsel about what will ultimately be. Scrooge asks, “Are these the shadows of the things that Will be, or are they shadows of things that May be, only?” The ghost says nothing.

It is the start of a new year, and we face the same unknowability. We look to the future, wondering what 2026 holds. We try making predictions, as some years seems possible. In January 2024, for example, we could reasonably expect the year to be dominated by the American presidential election, and it was. Other years, however, events are a right hook coming out of nowhere. We thought we had some sense of the future in January 2020, then a pandemic came and knocked us off our feet. We spent the years since getting, sometimes unsteadily, back up. We learned much from the COVID moment; nothing more so, perhaps, than that the future always reserves the right to defy augury. We might do well to remember this.

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Looking back on 2025

Reflections on the challenging year that was.

As the calendar year wraps up, I would like to use this last essay of 2025 to reflect on the year we have just experienced. I would like to do this less to catalogue the year’s events and more to use this space, as I often try to do, to think in a systematic way about the world around us and what it means for how, and why, we do what we do. Events move quickly; the public debate often moves quicker still. Understanding what happens and why can be a challenge, one that calls for time and space to reflect, to think through the moment and its implications. The end of the year is such a time, and The Healthiest Goldfish aspires to be such a space, where we make an effort, together, to understand what is happening and the ideas that are driving the present moment.

So, what happened in 2025?

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On connecting too many dots

Ensuring the integrity of the associations that support our conclusions.

In 2020, a number of 5G masts were set on fire in the UK because of a belief that gained traction online linking 5G to the spread of COVID-19. Whoever committed this arson seems to have been motivated by the connecting of a series of “dots.” First (dot one), that 5G towers may weaken the immune system; second (dot two), that this made people more vulnerable to COVID; third (dot three), that 5G therefore, in a way, “caused” the pandemic.

It is easy to connect dots in ways that seem logical to us but do not withstand scrutiny. Sometimes these connections start with a fundamental misconception (such as that 5G weakens the immune system, which it does not), sometimes they start with correct, or at least plausible, information but go astray somewhere along the way. This was arguably the case with hydroxychloroquine during the COVID-19 pandemic. Early observational studies suggested there might be some benefit to its use. This was amplified rapidly through media and politics. But large RCTs, such as the RECOVERY trial, found no benefit. Nevertheless, hydroxychloroquine was touted for its supposed effectiveness, even as the data did not support this hype. The initial, plausible data point suggesting hydroxychloroquine may have some utility was quickly connected to other dots that had no bearing on its actual effectiveness, leading many to draw the wrong conclusions about the drug.

Closer to home, there has been much critique leveled at social science, in particular, for perhaps connecting too many dots, for making causal inferences too glibly. Are we maybe too quick to assert that a particular upstream neighborhood condition causes an individual health indicator? Are we connecting too many dots there? Is this, in part, why we have a replication crisis? We cannot avoid these questions if we are to shape a science worthy of the work we are trying to do, the world we are trying to create.

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Thinking outside the algorithm

On creating a better climate of ideas

Thinking back to when the internet was new is to remember a time when the world was promised an era of radical openness. The World Wide Web, we were told, would connect us and, in doing so, help us to better think, understand, and imagine. In some ways, the internet has delivered on this promise. It has linked anyone with web access to a flow of information that—in its speed, dynamism, and sheer complexity—resembles thought itself, a kind of global hive mind augmenting our ability to engage with everything, everywhere, all at once.

This Substack is, perhaps, a case in point, a small part of the great river of words and data that is the internet in 2025. The conversations, ideas, and connections that are the heart of The Healthiest Goldfish are enabled and deepened by the online world we have created, a world that has indeed opened new opportunities for how we communicate.

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